http://hdl.handle.net/10195/38290 Sat, 25 May 2013 20:57:59 GMT 2013-05-25T20:57:59Z http://hdl.handle.net/10195/38319 Title: Poutníci a jejich peníze na cestě do Říma. Zamyšlení nad edicí Il Libro del pellegrino (Siena, 1382–1446) Authors: Zaoral, Roman Abstract: The pilgrim book (Il Libro del pellegrino) of the hospital of Our Lady della Scala in Siena from 1382–1446 represents an accurately guided document on monetary deposits in one of the most important church institutions in Siena. A large-scale set of specie registered in this book is an interesting witness to the movement of money in circulation in late medieval Europe. Seven pilgrims from the lands of the Bohemian Crown are mentioned in the entries from 1384–1433: two come from Bohemia, four from Moravia and one from Silesia. Further two other pilgrims with an ambiguous geographic assignment seem to be considered. The book, however, does not register all pilgrims who visited Siena on the way to Rome. It mentions only those who deposited their cash in the hospital with the intention to withdraw it on the way back. The writer compares registered deposits with amounts intended for the pilgrimage to Rome (4–5 pounds of Prague groschens in the lower middle class and 8–10 pounds in the higher middle class) which have been entered into the memorable city book of Olomouc dated back to 1430–1492. He distinguishes sums intended to the way back (1,5–8 pounds) from petty cash (within the range of 4–35 Prague groschens) which could suffice for just few days. At average speed of 40 km per day it is possible to suppose that the journey from the Czech lands to Rome (about 1 300 km) could last about 37–38 days with 5–6 days of rest. At average expense of 3 Prague groschens per day which roughly corresponds with the most common summer daily wage of a journeyman, a pilgrim was able to manage for about 85 days with 4 pounds of Prague groschens, it was enough for a return journey and for about ten days´ stay in Rome. If he took 5 pounds with him he could stay in Italy for one month. A double amount of 8–10 pounds presumably served as a nest-egg for the case of illness or of accident. In better case it could provide travel luxury. Contrary of the testimonies it is not possible to judge from deposits of the social status of their bearers. Money of pilgrims predominantly consisted of gold coins contained in more than 70 % of all registered deposits. Larger amounts were mostly deposited by those pilgrims who were coming from the far-away regions and by old priests who started on a journey with all their belongings in conviction not to come back any more. That is a case of Florian of Kočov, chaplain in Volyně (South Bohemia), who gave 20 florins into custody of friars in Siena. The entries in the pilgrim book of Siena document that Florentine florins, Venetian ducats and Hungarian florins belonged to the most frequent gold specie in Italy that time, Prague and Flemish groschens occurred most often among silver coins. From the given data which mention a value of money very sporadically it is, however, not possible to make even an approximate estimation of the sum total of money which flew into the hospital. We can just suppose that the sum total of 2 500 florins which represent the value of all 328 deposits registered by 1410 did not get entire to the hospital treasury because many deposits have been withdrawn in the meantime. Just a part of them remained after those pilgrims who died in the hospital and whose deposits have never been withdrawn. Nevertheless, it was still a relatively large amount which was continuously becoming a hospital ownership. Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10195/38319 2010-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10195/38318 Title: Peníze a peněžní početní jednotky v 16. století Authors: Vorel, Petr Abstract: The author defines the term “monetary calculation unit” in the economic context of the Early Modern Times and explains why, until the 16th century, this virtual concept was of exceptional importance. The specific use of monetary calculation units in the economic system of the time is explained taking as an example a unique preserved Hamburg exchange-rate table dating from 1595. The article then systematically summarises the development of monetary calculation units and their usage in Bohemia from the end of the 15th century to the beginning of the 17th century. The study also features examples of period summaries of the payment power of foreign coins dating from the 1570s and concise tabular summaries of Bohemian monetary calculation units and their equivalents in the physical coins minted between 1469 and 1619. Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10195/38318 2010-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10195/38317 Title: Ukončení poručenské správy nezletilých osob v raně novověkém městském prostředí Authors: Slavíčková, Pavla Abstract: According to municipal law of the Early Modern Period a tutelage of an orphanusually ended in two ways: when the orphan reached the full-age or died before. Less frequent reason for ending a tutelage was depriving the tutor of his duties because of faults in the administration of orphans´ heritage. In the case that a widow-woman happens to be the tutor of the children, we speak about tutela anomala. This kind of tutelage was usually ended after her new marriage. In that case usually, at least in practice, either an adult son of the family or widow's new husband became the tutor. The duty of every tutor, with the exception of the so called powerful-father tutor, was to render accounts to the orphan at the end of the tutelage and, in the case of his fault, to pay deficiency. After that the orphan becomes a full-fledged owner of the iherited property. In practice, however, the process of getting the money back to the full-aged child, whether it had been placed on deposit at the townhall or at the tutors', usually protracted for many years. Thelaw was also concerned with money lent at interest during the period of tutelage. The full-aged orphan could not take his/her property all at once, but in installments, into which the loan was divided. The tutor did not profit unless the child, or all the children, have died, in that case the tutor was entitled to the third part of the orphan's heritage. According to the law tutor is not entitled to any remuneration, the performance of this duty was therefore probably primarily a matter of personal honor and self-presentation. Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10195/38317 2010-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10195/38316 Title: Profesoři Hermenegild a Karel Škorpilové působící v Bulharsku Authors: Skružný, Ludvík Abstract: Карел Шкорпил (1859-1944) живее в България 62 години. Там допринася за развитието на българската образователна система, на науката, археологията, музей- ното дело и българо – чехословашките културни отношения. От 1926 г. е почетен консул на Чехословакия в Варна. Почти пет десетилетия Карел Шкорпил пътува по България и събира материали, не само за древната история, но и за нейният фолклор, интересува се от архитектура, не само християнската и тази на местните, но и от тази на османските завоеватели; спасява застрашени паметници от времето на „игото” и възникването на модерният български народ. Събраните материали излага в музей- ни стаи, възникващи в гимназиите, където тези стаи въздействат на учащите се мла- дежи. И през войната провежда изследвания, снима, измерва паметници, оправя и допълва военни карти на България и на окупираните земи в съседните държави. Шест десетилетия мисли над тежките въпроси, свързани с историята на България и балканските държави, проследява стари търговски и военни пътища, включително и тези, по които до Варна е стигнала армията на Владислав III. Ягело, за да извоюва там решаваща за християнският свят и Европа битка, на 10.11.1444. Съсредоточава се върху нумизматиката, сфрагистиката, палеографията, историческа демография, геог- рафията и иконографията. Благодарение на знанието на тези помощни исторически науки е можел по-вярно да реши историческите въпроси, и да покаже доказателства, че Плиска е по-старият, от Велики Преслав, център на държавата. Заключенията от своите проучвания публикува на страниците на различни списания. Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10195/38316 2010-01-01T00:00:00Z