03/2008 Theatrum historiae
https://hdl.handle.net/10195/38101
2024-03-28T21:14:25ZProcesy s katolickými duchovními a členy řádů projednávané Krajským soudem v Ústí nad Labem v letech 1953-1960
https://hdl.handle.net/10195/35079
Procesy s katolickými duchovními a členy řádů projednávané Krajským soudem v Ústí nad Labem v letech 1953-1960
Hrachová, Ivana
Negotiations between the state and the church began immediately after the
communist takeover in February 1948. The negotiations should have resulted in an
agreement of the position of church in Czechoslovakia. However, the negotiations were
later precluded by various state imposed anti-clerical precautions. In 1949, the state’s real
intention was unambiguously revealed – to subjugate or destroy the church in
Czechoslovakia. The internment of top representatives of the catholic church and arrests of
ordinary priests took place at that time together with state organized anti-clerical actions
aimed against the church unity. These aspirations culminated by the politically motivated
trials against the church. The Regional Court in Ústí nad Labem tried members of various
churches and religious societies together with former members of the Czechoslovak
People's Party. This paper is concerned with six selected cases in which Catholic priests
were prosecuted. All of them were sentenced to confinement and their spiritual activities
were interrupted or even precluded.
2008-01-01T00:00:00ZMatkami opuštěných? Působení Kongregace Školských sester de Notre Dame v sirotčincích
https://hdl.handle.net/10195/35078
Matkami opuštěných? Působení Kongregace Školských sester de Notre Dame v sirotčincích
Jakšičová, Dana
The School sisters de Notre Dame focused on upbringing and education of not
only the girl´s youth. They were the most widespread school congregation that worked in
the Czech lands of 19 and 20 centuries. Their primary aim was to establish and run girl´s
general schools (Trivialschule) and later burgess schools too. These were usually connected
with boarding establishment. The author summarizes the results of her probe that should
analyse the orphanages that were run by the School sisters de Notre Dame on the territory
of the České Budějovice diocese. The first orphanage that was administred by the congregation
was the town orphanage in Tábor in 1880. In 1920 they already controlled 44 orphanages
in Bohemia. In the České Budějovice diocese they worked in 14 orphanages.
There lived children between 6 and 13 (exceptionally 14) years and there were between
10 and 30 children per one establishment. The author analyses everyday life in these orphanages
(daily activities, board, financial subvention, etc.) and she deals also with the topic of
education of „troubled“ children and the rigorous style of upbringing that was practiced by
the School sisters de Notre Dame.
2008-01-01T00:00:00ZVoršilky v Čechách a jejich pojetí veřejné prospěšnosti
https://hdl.handle.net/10195/35077
Voršilky v Čechách a jejich pojetí veřejné prospěšnosti
Macková, Marie
Ursulines were one of two women regular orders admitted as publicly convenient
at the times of the restriction of monasteries in Bohemia during the reign of Josef II.
However, their public convenience was not based on the enlightened principles. They were
allowed to provide education at the end of the 16th century. Ursulines should follow the
decrees of Trent and work on internal restoration of catholicism. These ideas were
transformed in the second half of the 18th century and then in the 19th century. In fact, the
Ursulines continued to be a religious order that ran girl schools. The slowly changing social
conditions perceived this kind of service and accepted it differently during the course of
history.
2008-01-01T00:00:00ZŘeholní kongregace v Čechách na přelomu 19. a 20. století v kontextu proměn náboženského milieu
https://hdl.handle.net/10195/35076
Řeholní kongregace v Čechách na přelomu 19. a 20. století v kontextu proměn náboženského milieu
Novotný, Miroslav
Opening part of this article presents the transformation and character of religious
milieu in Central and Western Europe in 19th and at the beginning of 20th century (especially
the processes of de-ethatization of religion, secularization and de-christianization,
respectively the so-called second confesionalization). With regard to the focus of this work,
the main attention is paid to the processes running inside the Catholic Church. It deals more
precisely also with the similar development in the western part of the Austro-Hungarian
monarchy. It views complex situation in Czech lands in a wider context of transformations
and creation of the modern European industrial society in the second half of the 19th
century, which also strongly mirrored in the activity of individual Churches and led, among
others, to the “religious renaissance” and to the search for new or renewed forms of religious
activities, as well as spiritual life and also to the formation of new regular communities
(men and especially women congregations) together with lay confraternities (Marian
communities, in the first place). Second part of the work demonstrates the processes on the
model example of the mostly agrarian and traditionally conservative South Bohemia.
Beginning of the new times is in the Budweiser diocese, the traditional catholic bulwark in
Bohemia, connected first of all with the episcopacy of Jan Valerian Jirsik. It is also thanks
to his commitment and work that the status of Catholicism in the whole region significantly
improved and that in the second half of the 19th and first half of 20th century, the South
Bohemian diocese became the place of foundation or activity of quite a number of regular
and lay religious communities.
2008-01-01T00:00:00Z